从经济结构分析俄罗斯经济发展前景

An Analysis of the Economic Structure of Russia and the Prospect of Economic Development

俄罗斯独立执政已进入第26个年头。26年来,主要由于结构性问题,俄罗斯经济发展经历了十分复杂与艰难的过程。经济结构在不同时期表现形式也不尽相同。在苏联时期经济结构的突出问题体现在农轻重三者关系方面,即重工业过重,轻工业过轻,农业长期落后。但在勃列日涅夫时期经济结构不仅表现在农轻重关系问题上,过多地依赖能源问题已经很明显了。在俄罗斯时期经济发展更加依赖能源等原材料部门,在经济发展进程中明显地呈现了"三化"现象:一是经济原材料化,即经济发展依赖能源等原材料部门;二是出口原材料化;三是投资原材料化,即俄罗斯投资相当部分用于采掘工业。俄经济发展前景主要取决于今后经济结构在多大程度得到调整。

It has been 26 years since the independence of Russia. Due to limitations in economic structure,the economic growth of Russia had gone through twist and turns during the past 26 years. The economic structure of Russia was varied in different historical periods. During Soviet times,major problems of the economic structure were reflected in the relationship among agriculture,light industry and heavy industry. The increased emphasis on heavy industry lead to the imbalance in light industry and agriculture. During the Brezhnev era,in addition to the similar problems of Soviet times,the over-reliance on energy exports became another limitation in economic structure. During the Russian period,there had been polarizations of raw materials in economic development due to excessive reliance on energy and sectors of raw materials. The economic growth and export mainly relied on sectors of energy and raw materials.The investment activities in Russia had been material-intensive in which the extractive industry playing a major part. The prospect of economic development depends on how Russia tackle the problems of economic structure in the future.