对跳远助跑与起跳技术有效衔接的分析

Analysis on Effective Link-up between Long Jump Run-up and Take-off Techniques

采用文献资料法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法,对8名体育学院跳远专业运动员的相关技术数据进行分析。结果发现:运动员身体素质较差,助跑利用率低,起跳过程动作稳定性较差,起跳技术有待优化;助跑和起跳技术不匹配,有效衔接差。实验前、后运动员助跑技术各项参数有显著性变化(P<0.05);在起跳技术中,踏跳时间、腾起角度、水平损失率的指标上有显著性变化(P<0.05),着地角、蹬地角、起跳扇面角的指标上有非常显著性变化(P<0.01)。结论:体育院校运动员助跑和起跳有效衔接有待优化;助跑和起跳技术的相关参数与优秀运动员的各项参数有差异,可能是由于运动员本身的身体素质、教练训练方法和竞技水平不同造成的。

The relevant technical data of 8 sport college professional long jumpers is analyzed by literature,mathematical statistics and logical analysis methods. Results: Athletes are poor in physical fitness with low run-up rate and unstable take-off. The take-off technique needs to be optimized. The run-up and take-off techniques do not match,and the link-up is poor. The run-up technique parameters before and after the experiment are of great difference( P < 0. 05). Jumping time,jumping angle and loss rate index are changed significantly in the take-off technique( P < 0. 05). So does landing angle,angle of leg thrust,and fan-like take-off angle(( P < 0. 01). Conclusions: the effective link-up of athletes' run-up and take-off need to be optimized for sport college jumpers; the relevant parameters of run-up and take off technique are different from those of elite athletes,which might be caused by athletes' physical fitness,training methods and different sport performance level.