民国医疗制度变革的理想与实践(1930—1949)

The Ideal and Practice of the Reform of Medical System in Republic of China( 1930-1949)

20世纪三四十年代,在医学界有识之士的极力倡导下,民国政府逐渐变革医疗卫生体制,施行公医制度,确立了以传染病防治为重点的疾病防治模式,疾病控制策略也开始由个体转向群体、由民间自发到政府组织转变。抗战时期,公医制度在抗战大后方得以实践并取得一定的成效,加速了中国医疗制度由传统医学向现代医学的过渡,但也存在公医制度设计理想未能很好满足当时社会现实医疗和防疫需求和民众观念契合程度不高等问题。

In the 1930s and 1940s,on the initiative of the medical personage,Republic of China government gradually changed medical and health system,extended Public Health and Medical Service,and established the new mode of prevention and control of infectious diseases.So the strategy for disease control was transformed from the individual to the collective,from the folk spontaneous activity to the government organization.In Anti-Japanese War period,the Public Health Service System had played an important role and achieved certain results,accelerating the transition of the medical system from traditional medicine to modern medicine.But there were also some bugs and issues with the system,whose design didn＇t satisfy well the medicine and prevention requirements of the social reality then and didn＇t live up to the public＇s expectation.