我国职业体育利益相关者的利益诉求及关系图谱研究

Interest Demands and Relation Map of Chinese Professional Sports Stakeholders

运用问卷调查法、数理统计法等方法,在对我国职业体育利益相关者主体的影响力、利益实现迫切程度及利益需求和满足情况进行调查的基础上,分析了我国职业体育利益相关者的类型和属性,并绘制出关系图谱,以期为开发我国职业体育利益相关者共同治理模式和治理机制提供指导.结论表明:1)以国家体育总局、地方政府和单项体育协会为代表的具有官方性质的各利益相关者的影响力要远远大于非官方性质各利益相关者,意味着我国职业体育发展过程中行政干预力量强于市场导向力量;作为比赛主体的运动员和教练员,其利益诉求最为迫切,但他们的利益需求未得到满足,因为当前我国职业体育各利益相关者的利益获得与满足与其影响力呈非常显著性正相关,即影响力越大的利益相关者获得的利益就越多.2)依据权利性、合法性和紧迫性,将国家体育总局、单项体育协会、职业体育俱乐部和比赛主体人员(运动员、教练员和裁判员)作为我国职业体育"确定型利益相关者";将媒体、赞助商和地方政府作为"预期型利益相关者";将观众作为"潜在型利益相关者".3)绘制的我国职业体育利益相关者关系图谱分为3层:"确定型利益相关者"处在核心层,对我国职业体育发展的作用和影响最大;"预期型利益相关者"处在中间层,作用和影响较大;"潜在型利益相关者"处在外围层,其作用和影响最小.我国职业体育利益相关者治理工作应主要围绕核心层的"确定型利益相关者"展开,同时兼顾中间层和外围层的各类利益相关者.

In this paper,by methods of questionnaire investigation,mathematical statistics,on the basis of investigation of the influence,the urgency of interests realized,demands and satisfied situation of main stakeholders in Chinese professional sports,the types,properties of professional sports stakeholders have been analyzed,then the authors draw the relation map in order to provide guidance for developing Chinese professional sports stakeholders co-governance model and governance mechanism.Results indicate that： 1） As the representative of stakeholders with official nature,the State Sports General Administration,the local government and the individual event sports associations have much greater influence than other stakeholders without official nature,which means the administrative intervention force is stronger than market forces during the development of Chinese professional sports.As the main roles in games,the interests demands of athletes and coaches are most urgent,but they are not been satisfied,because there is a very significant positive correlation between benefits obtained and influence,that is,the stronger influence one has,the more benefits one gets.2） On the basis of rights,legitimacy and urgency,the State Sports General Administration,individual event sports associations,professional sports clubs,the main body of competition personnel （athletes,coaches and referees） is ＂ determined type stakeholder＂ in Chinese professional sports,the media,sponsors,the local government as ＂ expected type stakeholder＂,the audience as ＂ potential type stakeholder＂.3） The relation map of Chinese professional sports stakeholders is divided into three layers,＂ determined type stakeholder＂ is in the core layer with the most important role and biggest influence in Chinese professional sports,＂ expected type stakeholder＂ is in the middle layer with the bigger role and influence,and audience as ＂ potential type stakeholder＂ is in perisphere with the minimal role and influence.So the stakeholder governance work of Chinese professional sports should be focused on ＂ determined type stakeholder＂ in the core layer,but also taking account of the various stakeholders in the middle layer and perisphere.