珠海市居民高血压患病率及影响因素分析

The Analysis of Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Influencing Factors among Residents in Zhuhai

目的了解珠海市居民高血压患病情况及影响因素。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样调查方法,在珠海市7个区按13的比例抽取乡镇/街道办,每个乡镇街道随机抽取3个村居,并抽取相应数目的住户,调查年龄为≥15岁的常住居民(含有珠海市户籍)。采用SPSS 17.0软件包进行数据分析,运用描述性分析、t检验、Rao-Scott χ~2检验、Logistic回归分析等进行统计分析。结果调查对象中,15岁及以上人口高血压粗患病率为23.16%,标化患病率为14.41%。高血压患病率随年龄增加而上升,(Rao-Scott χ~2=519.399 8,P<0.000 1);文化程度越高,高血压患病率越低(Rao-Scott χ~2=244.365 0,P<0.001);不同收入水平的患者其高血压患病率总的来说有差别(Rao-Scott χ~2=14.365 0,P=0.006 2)。回归分析结果显示,年龄(45~59岁,OR=4.544;≥60岁,OR=13.229)、文化水平(小学,OR=0.498;初中,OR=0.466;高中/大专,OR=0.400;大专及以上OR=0.384)、水果每日摄入量(OR=1.386)、经常饮酒(OR=1.686)、肥胖(OR=7.112)、超重(OR=1.575)是高血压的影响因素。结论珠海市高血压患病率虽低于其他地区,但情况不容乐观。需加强对高龄、文化水平低、饮酒频率高、水果每日摄入量少及超重和肥胖患者进行筛查和干预,同时定期测量和合理控制血压、体重等指标,积极治疗高血压患者,从而改善珠海市居民高血压患病情况。

Objectives To evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors among Zhuhai residents.Methods The multistage cluster random sampling method was used.According to the proportion of 1：3,the townships/streets were selected in 7 districts of Zhuhai City.3 villages from each township or street were randomly selected,and the corresponding number of households was selected.The residents aged 15 years or older（with Zhuhai household registration）were investigated.Descriptive analysis,t test,Rao-Scott chi-square test,and logistic regression analysis were carried out using SPSS 17.0.Results The crude prevalence of hypertension of the study population aged 15 and above in this survey was 23.16%,and the standardized prevalence rate was 14.41%.The prevalence rate of hypertension increased with age（Rao-Scott χ^2=519.399 8,P〈0.000 1）,the higher the education level,the lower the prevalence rate of hypertension（Rao-Scott χ^2=244.365 0,P0.001）.There was a difference in the prevalence rate of hypertension among patients with different income levels（Rao-Scott χ^2=14.365 0,P=0.006 2）.The logistic regression analysis showed that age（45 to 59 years old OR=4.544;≥60 years old OR=13.229）,educational level（primary school OR=0.498;junior high school OR=0.466;high school/college OR=0.400;college and above OR=0.384）,daily intake of fruit（OR=1.386）,regular alcohol consumption（OR=1.686）,obesity（OR=7.112）,and overweight（OR=1.575）were important risk factors for hypertension.Conclusions The prevalence rate of hypertension in Zhuhai was lower than other areas,but the situation was not optimistic.Thus,the screening and intervention on individuals with high age,individuals with low cultural level,with high drinking frequency,with less daily fruit intake,and overweight or obese individuals were needed to be strengthened.In addition,regular measurement and reasonable control the blood pressure,weight and other indicators,and actively treated these hypertension patients,so as to decrease the prevalence of hypertension among Zhuhai residents.