新疆玉米产区三个玉米螟地理种群发育起点、有效积温测定与比较研究

Comparison of Biological Characteristics of 3 Geographical Populations and Developmental Stages of Ostrinia furnacalis

【目的】研究新疆荒漠绿洲生态区主要玉米螟地理种群室内生物学特性的变异情况,为准确预测预报玉米螟的发生提供参考。【方法】通过采用直接最优法系统比较乌鲁木齐、伊犁伊宁、喀什疏勒三个地理种群各虫态的历期、发育起点温度和有效积温。【结果】温度对不同地理种群各虫态的卵孵化率、存活率和发育历期有显著影响。25~28℃为三个地理种群玉米螟生长发育的最适温度范围。不同地理种群各虫态的发育历期随温度升高而缩短,发育速率随温度升高而加快,呈显著相关。20℃时完成整个世代历期最长,平均69.57d,31℃时发育历期最短,仅为29.9 d。并用直线回归法,得出不同地理种群各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为,乌鲁木齐卵期14.35℃,54.52日·度、幼虫期9.93℃,353.25日·度、蛹期12.58℃,81.95日·度、成虫产卵前期16.27℃,37.52日·度、全世代11.92℃,504.52日·度。伊犁伊宁卵期14.36℃,52.57日·度、幼虫期9.01℃,346.15日·度、蛹期12.06℃,107.16日·度、成虫产卵前期16.61℃,36.72日·度、全世代11.32℃,533.41日·度,喀什疏勒卵期14.42℃,50.32日·度、幼虫期8.99℃,344.97日·度,蛹期11.91℃,105.88日·度,成虫产卵前期16.38℃,37.95日·度、全世代11.92℃,506.20日·度。结合伊犁伊宁县气象资料,推测得出2015、2016年玉米螟在伊犁伊宁县可以发生的理论代数为分别为2.99和3.13代。【结论】温度对玉米螟各虫态的发育历期有显著影响,随着温度的升高,各虫态(龄)的发育历期逐渐缩短,发育速率加快,25~28℃为最适宜温度,而超过有效温度范围,其生长发育速率均受抑制。在同一温度下,不同地理种群的平均历期不同,各虫态的发育历期不同,随着纬度的升高,发育历期逐渐缩短,发育起点温度逐渐降低。根据田间玉米螟种群消长动态,结合气象资料分析,新疆伊犁河谷地区玉米螟虽以2代为主,但已出现第3代,随气候变化,玉米螟发生由一年2代逐步变为3代的趋势。

[ Objective] In order to provide a reference for the accurate prediction of the occurrence of the corn borer, the variation of the indoor biological characteristics of the main com borer populations in the desert oasis ecological region of Xinjiang was determined. [ Method] By using the direct optimal method, the season-al, developmental threshold temperature （ LDT） and effective accumulated temperature （ SET） of three geo-graphical populations of Urumqi, Yili, Yining, Kashi and Shule were compared systematically. [ Result] Tem-perature had significant effects on the egg hatching rate, survival rate and developmental duration of different geographic populations. 25 ~ 28 temperature was the optimum temperature range for the growth and develop-ment of com borer in three geographical populations. The developmental duration of each insect population in different geographic populations was shortened with the increase of temperature, and the development rate was accelerated with the increase of temperature, displaying significant correlation. At 20 ℃ , the whole generation had the longest duration, with an. average of 69. 57 d , and at 31 ℃ the developmental duration was the shor-test ,only 29. 9 d . Using linear regression method, the developmental threshold temperature and effective ac-cumulated temperature of different insect populations were obtained. They were： in Urumqi the egg stage was 14. 35℃ , 54.52 d ·℃ , the larval stage was 9. 93℃ , 353.25 d ·℃ , pupal period was 12. 58℃ , 81. 95 d ·℃,prophase of adult egg laying stage was 16. 27℃ , 37. 52 d ·℃ ,and the whole generation was 14. 35℃ , 54.52 d ·℃ , the larval stage was 9. 93℃ , 353.25 d ·℃ , pupal period was 12. 58℃ , 81. 95 d ·℃,prophase of adult egg laying stage was 16. 27℃ , 37. 52 d ·℃ ,and the whole generation was 11.92℃ , 504. 52 d ·℃ ; In Yili Yining. The egg stage was 14. 36℃ , 52. 57 d ·℃ , the larvae stage was 9. 01℃ , 346. 15 d ·℃ , pupal period was 12. 06℃ , 107. 16 d ·℃ , prophase of adult egg laying stage was 16.61℃ , 36.72 d ·℃ , and the whole generation was 11. 32℃ , 533. 41 d ·℃ ; In Kashi, Shule the egg stage was 14. 42℃ , 50. 32 d ·℃ , the larvae stage was 8.99℃ , 344. 97 d ·℃ , pupal period was 11.91℃ , 105.88 d ·℃ , the prophase of adult egg laying stage was 16. 38℃ , 37.95 d ·℃ , and the whole generation was 11.92℃ , 506. 20 d ·℃ . Combined with the meteorological data of Yili County of Yining, I t can be in-ferred that the theoretical algebra of 2015 -2016 years com borer in Yili County of Yining can be divided into 2.99 generations and 3. 13 generations respectively.[ Conclusion]The temperature has a significant influence on the developmental stages of each insect state of Pyrausta nubilalis. With the increase of temperature, the developmental stages of each instar are gradually shortened, and the rate of development is accelerated. The optimum temperature is between 25 ℃ and 28 ℃ . The growth rate was inhibited over the effective temperature range. At the same temperature, the average duration of different geographical populations is different, and