伊犁河谷不同管理模式稻田节肢动物群落结构及多样性

The Structure and Diversity of Arthropod Communities in Paddy Fields under Different Management Models in Yili River Valley

【目的】研究伊犁河谷稻区节肢动物群落及各亚群落结构、时序格局和变化规律,为水稻生境昆虫综合治理提供依据。【方法】应用灰色关联度和主分量方法,分析该稻区不同模式节肢动物群落。【结果】共获节肢动物21 258头,隶属于2纲,10目,28科,31属,35种,生态调控型(记"A模式")、常规管理型(记"B模式")和粗放管理型(记"C模式")三种模式下节肢动物物种数之间差异均不显著(P>0.05),但A、C模式物种数明显高于B模式。在发生量方面,A、B、C模式差异显著(P<0.05)。灰色关联度分析表明,水稻生境中,主要天敌为蜘蛛类且对稻水象甲具有一定的抑制作用,但其控害能力较弱;在群落特征指数和时序格局方面,A、C模式节肢动物群落较B模式,物种多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数均偏高,表明人工干预越少,节肢动物多样性、物种丰富度越大,生态系统越稳定;B模式下,多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数均最低,而优势集中性指数最高,表明该生境部分节肢动物种群分布较集中、数量大,生态系统趋于简单化,优势种害虫易爆发成灾。【结论】外界干涉越频繁,对节肢动物的分布、物种类群多样性均不利,节肢动物结构较单一,生态系统越不稳定;影响伊犁河谷稻区节肢动物群落结构变化主要因子为植食类、捕食类亚群落。

[ Objective] In order to explore the structure, the temporal dynamics and the change regularity of arthropod communities and its sub - communities in paddy fields of Ili river valley.[ M eth od] Arthropods on different modes were investigated by gray correlation degree analysis, principal component analysis and. clus-tering analysis.[ Result]A total of 21,258 arthropods were collected,which belonged to 2 classsess,10 or-ders, 28 families and 35 species. There was no significant difference between the number of different model arthropod species （ P 〉 0. 05 ） , while their reproduction quantity had significant difference （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . Gray correlation degree analysis showed that spiders had a certain effect on rice water weevil, but its natural control ability to rice water weevil was weak. In terms of community characteristics index and temporal pattern, the arthropod communities in Aand C models were higher than those in the B model and species diversity index, evenness index and richness index were all higher, which indicated that when the less artificial intervention, the greater arthropod diversity and species richness would be and he more stable the ecosystem would be, too. Under the B model, the diversity index, richness index and evenness index were the lowest while the advantage concentration index was the highest, which showed that the arthropod population in the habitat was more concentrated, the quantity was large, the ecosystem tended to be simple, and the dominant species were easy to outbreak.[ Conclusion]The more frequent external interference, the less unfaborable distribution of arthro-pod and diversity of species groups would be. The more simple and single the arthropod structure was, the less stable the ecosystem would be. The main factors affecting arthropod animal community structure changes in Yi-li River Valley are phytophagous and predacious sub community.