新疆小麦白粉病菌群体的毒性监测和分析

Monitoring and Analysis of Virulence of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici in Xinjiang

【目的】通过对新疆小麦白粉菌群体的毒性鉴定,研究其病菌群体的毒性结构和组成,为小麦抗白粉病品种的选育及抗病品种的应用和合理布局提供依据。【方法】对采自新疆的小麦白粉菌标样进行分离纯化,采用抖接法接种到35个已知抗病基因的小麦鉴别寄主上,调查鉴别寄主对病菌的反应型,明确小麦白粉菌不同菌株的毒性。【结果】新疆小麦白粉菌群体对抗病基因Pm1c、Pm2、Pm4a、Pm4b、Pm4c、Pm5b、Pm12、Pm13、Pm16、Pm21、Pm24、Pm25、Pm30、Pm35、Pm"XBD"、Pm2+Mld、Pm2+6、Pm4+8、Pm4b+5b和Pm5+6的毒性频率低于30%,其中对Pm12、Pm16和Pm21的毒性频率为0;对Pm3b、Pm3d和Pm34的毒性频率在30%~70%;对抗病基因Pm1a、Pm3a、Pm3c、Pm3e、Pm3f、Pm5a、Pm6、Pm7、Pm8、Pm17、Pm19、Pm1+2+9等的毒性频率均高于70%。【结论】抗病基因Pm1c、Pm2、Pm4a、Pm4b、Pm4c、Pm5b、Pm12、Pm13、Pm16、Pm21、Pm24、Pm25、Pm30、Pm35、Pm"XBD"、Pm2+Mld、Pm2+6、Pm4+8、Pm4b+5b和Pm5+6均是当前可用的有效抗病基因,可应用在小麦育种及生产上;Pm1a、Pm3a、Pm3c、Pm3e、Pm3f、Pm5a、Pm6、Pm7、Pm8、Pm17、Pm19、Pm1+2+9这些基因抗小麦白粉病性能较差,已不适合在育种和生产上使用;Pm3d、Pm3b和Pm34在生产上应注意合理使用。

【Objective】Through the virulence identification of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici( Bgt)from Xinjiang,the information of structure and composition might provide us with basis for breeding and application of wheat powdery mildew resistance varieties and reasonable deployment of the resistance genes.【Method】Samples of B. graminis f. sp. tritici collected from Xinjiang wheat production area were isolated and purified. Virulence of pathogen isolates was identified and inoculation of wheat with 35 known resistance genes was carried out by shake grafting method to investigate the response pattern of host to pathogen,and to determine the virulence of different strains.【Result】Virulence frequencies of Bgt isolates were less than 30% to Pm1 c,Pm2,Pm4 a,Pm4 b,Pm4 c,Pm5 b,Pm12,Pm13,Pm16,Pm21,Pm24,Pm25,Pm30,Pm35,Pm XBD,Pm2 + Mld,Pm2 + 6,Pm4 + 8,Pm4 b + 5 b and Pm5 + 6. None of isolates was compatible to Pm12,Pm16 and Pm21. Virulence frequencies of Bgt isolates ranged from 30% to 70% to Pm3 b,Pm3 d and Pm34. Virulence frequencies of Bgt isolates was more than 70% to Pm1 a,Pm3 a,Pm3 c,Pm3 e,Pm3 f,Pm5 a,Pm6,Pm7,Pm8,Pm17,Pm19 and Pm1 + 2 + 9. 【Conclusion 】These results suggested resistant genes Pm1 c,Pm2,Pm4 a,Pm4 b,Pm4 c,Pm5 b,Pm12,Pm13,Pm16,Pm21,Pm24,Pm25,Pm30,Pm35,Pm XBD,Pm2 + Mld,Pm2 + 6,Pm4 + 8,Pm4 b + 5 b and Pm5 + 6 were effective,especially Pm12,Pm16 and Pm21.Pm1 a,Pm3 a,Pm3 c,Pm3 e,Pm3 f,Pm5 a,Pm6,Pm7,Pm8,Pm17,Pm19 and Pm1 + 2 + 9 were not effective and not suitable in wheat breeding and production utilization. Pm3 b,Pm3 d and Pm34 need rational deployment in wheat production.