吐鲁番葡萄黄化园土壤养分与地上部的相关性

Study on the Correlation between Soil Nutrients and Above-grouind Parts in Grape Yellow Orchard of Turpan

【目的】研究葡萄黄化园土壤养分与地上部的关系。【方法】以吐鲁番市主栽品种无核白和无核白鸡心为材料,采集正常和黄化园不同深度土壤样品进行营养诊断分析,筛选影响枝叶生长及果实产量的主要土壤因子。【结果】正常株和黄化株土壤总盐量、有机质、速效N、速效P、速效K和有效Fe含量间存在显著差异;黄化株新梢节间长、叶重、单叶厚及产量均显著低于正常株,且无核白黄化株分别是正常株的1.30、1.38、1.35和2.15倍。无核白黄化株新梢节间粗与有效Fe含量呈显著正相关,无核白鸡心黄化株叶重、叶长及叶宽与有效Fe含量呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.726、0.902、0.691。无核白黄化株产量与速效K呈显著负相关,相关系数为-0.164。【结论】吐鲁番胜金乡土壤pH值、K含量较高及有效Fe含量较低是引起葡萄黄化的主要原因。

[ Objective] To explore the correlation between soil nutrients and above - ground parts in grape orchards with chlorisis diesease.[Method ]Two Turpan mainly cultivated grape cultivars Thompson seedless and Centennial seedless were used as experiment materials. The soil nutrient was diagnosed by collec-ting the different deep soil samples in the normal and chlorosis grape orchards and the main soil factors affect-ing the growth of branch and leaf and fruit yield were screened and analyzed.[ Result]The result showed that there were significant differences of total salt content, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphor-us ,available potassium and available ferrum content between normal and yellow strains. Yellow plant shoot in- temode length, leaf weight, leaf thickness and yield were remarkable lower than those of the normal plants, and Thompson seedless yellow plant were 1.30, 1.38, 1.35 and 2. 15 times than those of the normal plants. Shoot internode diameter in Thompson seedless chlorosis plant had a significantly negative correlation with a-vailable ferrum content in soil, Centennial seedless chlorosis plant leaf weight, leaf length and leaf width had a significantly positive correlation with available ferrum content in soil, and the correlation coefficients were 0.726, 0.902, 0.691, the yellow orchards yield of Thompsons seedless had a significantly negative correla-tion with available potassium in soil, and the correlation coefficients were -0.164.[ Conclusion]The results showed that high pH content, high K content and low content of available Fe were the main causes of grape chlorosis in Shengjin Township, Turpan.