三支点桥式起重机结构噪声预估及其影响因素研究

Prediction and research on influencing factors of structural noise of bridge crane with three-point support

桥式起重机的动态特性直接影响其运行可靠性,而减速器齿轮系统各参数对其综合性能影响较大,因此有必要研究齿轮系统动力学特性随各参数变化的内在机理及变化规律,达到桥式起重机减振降噪的设计目的。利用ANSYS软件建立三支点桥式起重机整体有限元分析模型,在各级齿轮副接触线上施加内部动态激励,基于模态叠加法分析其振动特性,进而实现结构噪声的预估,并通过试验来验证仿真方法的可行性。在保证各级齿轮副中心距不变和总传动比相近的条件下,分析了不同模数、螺旋角、轴承支承刚度、结构阻尼比和负载下齿轮系统的振动特性和结构噪声,得到了系统振动加速度有效值、频谱图和结构噪声随各参数的变化规律。分析结果为桥式起重机相关参数的改进和减振降噪设计提供了理论依据和参考。

The dynamic characteristics of the bridge crane will directly affect the operation reliability,and the parameters of gear system have a great influence on the comprehensive performance.Therefore,the inner mechanism and variation law of dynamical characteristics of gear system under different parameters need to be studied in order to achieve the purpose of reducing vibration and noise of bridge crane.The integral finite element model of bridge crane with three-point support was built by ANSYS software.The internal dynamic excitations were imposed on the contact line of gear pair to analyze the vibration characteristics based on modal superposition method,then the structural noise was predicted.The feasibility of the simulation method was verified by comparing with the experimental result.With the constant central distance as well as the similar total transmission ratio,the dynamic characteristics and structural noise were calculated with different module,helix angle,bearing stiffness,structural damping ratio and operating load,then the variation law of root mean square（RMS）value of vibration acceleration,spectrum and structural noise were obtained.The study provides theoretical basis and reference for improvement of bridge crane parameters and design to low vibration and noise.