元认知:领域一般还是领域特殊?

Metacognition: Domain-general or Domain-specific?

元认知是人们反思和监控自己的知觉、想法和行动的能力。近期,有研究者将元认知划分为知觉元认知和高阶元认知两种类型,探讨元认知究竟是领域一般性能力还是领域特殊性能力。该文从知觉元认知和高阶元认知比较的角度入手,整合相关的认知神经机制研究,提出了元认知的层级结构模型,试图回答元认知的领域一般和领域特殊性问题。未来研究可以对该理论进行多角度检验。

Metacognition is the process through which individuals reflect on and control their perceptions,memories, and actions. Recently, some researchers divided the metacognition into perceptual metacognition and higher-order metacognition to explore whether metacognition is domain-general or domain-specific. By comparing cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying perceptual metacognition and higher-order metacognition, the present review proposed a metacognitive hierarchy structure model to explain whether metacognition is domain-general or domain-specific. Future studies should test this theory from different perspectives.