练习组织方式:解释个体类别学习效果的新视角

The Practice Schedules: New Perspective to Explain the Effect of Category Learning

人们学习按照不同标准将知觉到的刺激进行分类存储,即类别学习。练习组织方式决定了刺激呈现的方式,对类别学习有着重要的影响。本文基于已有的研究,分别梳理了集中呈现和交错呈现对类别学习的影响。同时,基于理论解释的不足,拓展了现有理论对不同练习组织方式的学习优势的解释。另外,着重分析了影响两种练习组织方式优势的因素,包括材料相似性、任务要求、类别结构。最后,提出了关于练习组织方式研究的几点思考。

Category learning is a process in which human learn to categorize, with different criteria, the stimuli that are perceived. The way how the stimulus is presented is up to the practice schedules, which has an important effect on category learning. Based on the existing research, this paper made a study of the effects of blocked presentation and interleaved presentation on category learning. At the same time,based on the deficiency of theoretical interpretation, the paper expanded the explanation of the existing theories on the learning advantages of different practice schedules. In addition, the factors that affect the advantages of different practice schedules, including material similarity, task requirement and category structure, were analyzed. At last, some ideas of future research about practice schedules were put forward.