京津冀城市群热岛强度时空变化及对比研究

Comparative Analysis on the Spatio-temporal Variations of Urban Heat Islands in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Area

作为城市气候的典型特征之一,城市热岛不仅影响着城市局域及区域气候,而且对城市居民生活舒适度以及能源消耗等也有明显的负面作用,城市热岛研究对于气候变化以及指导城市规划具有重要的理论和实践意义。研究利用1958—2015年长时间序列气象数据,包括最高温度、最低温度和平均温度等3个温度指标,对京津冀地区4个典型城市(北京、天津、张家口和唐山)的热岛强度变化趋势及其影响因素进行对比分析和研究。结果显示,研究时段内,除了北京冬季平均温度下降之外,其他3个城市的夏季和冬季的平均温度均呈现明显上升趋势,而城市热岛强度均呈现不同程度的上升趋势,且冬季明显高于夏季。通过对比研究发现,研究区内,张家口热岛强度最高,北京次之,唐山最低。研究表明,时间上城市热岛强度变化趋势与城市化水平相关,空间上城市热岛强度则受城市背景如地理位置、区域气候等影响。

As a typical urban climatic feature,the urban heat island（ UHI） has deep impact on the local/regional climate and the lives in the cities,and UHI studies are of great importance for both climate change research and urban planning. Based on the long time series datasets（ including maximum temperature,minimum temperature and average temperature） from 1958 to 2015,the UHIs in the four typical cities in Beijing-TianjinHebei metropolitan area（ Beijing, Tianjin, Zhangjiakou and Tangshan） were comparatively analyzed by employing quantitatively statistical methods. According to the results,apart from the dropping trend in Beijing in winter,there were significant increases in the other three cities during the study period. Besides,the UHI intensities were remarkable and showed significant increasing trend. On the other hand,by comparative analyzing the UHI intensities（ UHII） in the study area,the UHII in Zhangjiakou city was the highest,with Beijing the second,and Tangshan the last. The results indicate that,from the temporal perspective,the change trend of UHIIs are related to the level of urbanization,but from the spatial perspective,the UHIIs are more influenced bysuch factors as geographical location and regional climate.