论墨子“尚同”说

Discussion on Doctrine of “Shangtong” of Mo-tse

在墨子系统而严密的思想体系中,"尚同"说占有极为重要的地位。墨子提出"尚同"主张的出发点是为了改变人与人"交相非"的局面,以扭转"天下之乱,若禽兽然"的颓势。"尚同"说的基本内涵是"一同天下之义","尚同"的充分实践则需依托由贤人来担任的各级官员,以"明于民之善非也,则得善人而赏之,得暴人而罚之",进而以"天下之义"来消弭战乱纷争,实现社会的平稳安定。

In the systematic and rigorous ideology of Mo-tse,＂Shangtong＂ holds a very important position. The purpose that Mo-tse puts forward the opinion of ＂shangtong＂ is to change the situation that the people reproach each other and to reverse the declining tendency of the world as wild as a beast. The basic connotation of ＂shangtong＂ is to unify the righteousness of the world. And the full practice of ＂Shang Tong＂ must rely on the sages officials. The officials grasped the standard that how to reward the charitable person and punish the evil person and thereby to eliminate war and achieve social stability.