气候变化背景下能源基础设施调整的政府干预——以德国为例

Analysis on the Demand of Government Intervention to Energy Infrastructure Transformation under Climate Change——The case of Germany

能源设施是关系着国计民生的关键基础设施之一。在当前气候变化的背景下,减缓政策已经难以起到有效的遏制作用,适应政策的重要性不断显现,能源供应过程中的不足与隐患日益凸显。能源生产与能源传输的脆弱性较为明显,最容易受到气候变化的影响。适应措施降低能效损失,符合能源生产企业增加收益的需求;但是对于能源传输企业(如电网运营商)而言,采取适应措施不会获得外部经济援助,相关企业没有动力进行有针对性的持续性投资。因此,政府干预(如鼓励投资、提供补贴、传播信息等)能够使能源基础设施更好地适应气候变化。中国政府可研究欧盟的发展经验,制定相应的法律法规,采取经济调控等手段提高能源产业适应气候变化的能力,维护气候变化与社会发展的平衡。

The energy infrastructure is consistently considered as one of the most fundamental and crucial factors concerning to the national economy and people 's livelihood.During the past several decades,global warming and its implications have been a noticeable threat to the energy supply,with its deficiency and hidden troubles increasingly prominent.Hence it should not be ignored in the adaptation to climate change. The current status of the German energy sector and its vulnerabilities are elaborated in the paper. The power generation and distribution,which are the most affected parts in the value-added chain of the energy sector,are also analyzed. It is indicated that the adaptation measures are difficult to be implemented voluntarily by the energy industries due to the economic impacts. Therefore, reasonable government interventions are necessary to ensure that the energy infrastructures can adapt to climate changes.