里约奥运周期男子双杠发展趋势研究

The development trend of men's parallel bars in Rio Olympic period

采用文献资料法、录像观察法,对里约奥运周期第44~46届世界体操锦标赛和31届里约奥运会体操比赛双杠决赛前8名运动员的32套动作进行研究,探讨世界优秀双杠运动员成套动作编排趋势、单个难度动作选择情况以及运动员完成质量情况。研究得出:1)双杠项目的成套动作难度价值呈现逐届增难的态势,在未来的新周期内应该还会保持这一态势。成套动作的编排以D组和E组单个难度动作为主,并向着F组和G组等高难度发展。各国运动员的成套动作编排各有特色,主要表现为后上类与转体类动作结合模式、空翻类与后上类动作结合模式、混合动作结合模式等三大类型。2)第I类动作以希里、季阿米多夫、支撑空翻类动作为主;第II类动作以D组至G组的挂臂空翻类、挂臂空翻转体类、挂臂摆动支撑转体类动作为主流;第III类别中的蒂佩尔特类、贝尔类、大回环转体及空翻或转体动作成为当下的首选;第IV类别的后上倒立、后上成一杠倒立、后上转体180°/360°成为每一位运动员的必备动作;前团二周及转体(E/F)打破了后屈二周(D)下法一统江山的局面。3)世界双杠成套动作的编排逐渐在增难,挂臂空翻类动作对运动员的完成影响较大,后上类、大回环类、支撑摆动或转体类动作深受运动员喜爱。努力追求更高层次"难与美"的平衡,仍将是体操比赛永恒的主旋律。

A total of 32 sets of routine of the top 8 athletes from the 44th to 46th WorldGymnastics Tournament and the 31st Rio Olympic gymnastics finals during the Rio Olympicperiod were studied by literature review and video observation, to explore the trend of thecomplete routine sets of the elite parallel bars athletes, the selection of single routines, and thecomplete quality of them. The results show that： 1） The difficulty level of a complete set ofroutine increased gradually, and this trend might be maintained to the next period. Thearrangement of a complete set of routine mainly chose from group D and E, mainly singleroutines, and exploring toward the group F and G. All the athletes have their own characteristicset of routine, mainly from the following three types： the combination of the ＂ back-rise andtwist＂ , the combination of the ＂ aerial tumbling and back-rise＂ , and the mixed mode. 2） TheI category based on ＂ Shiri, Quarter Amidov, and support tumbling＂ , the II category mainlyfrom group D and G ＂ arm-hold aerial tumbling, arm hold aerial twist, and arm-hold swingingsupport turn＂ , The first choice of the III category＇s currently from the＂ Tiepaierte, Bell, largeloop twist, and aerial tumbling or turn＂ , the must choose routines of IV category are ＂ back-rise hand stand, back-rise one bar hand stand, and back -rise 180° / 360° turn＂ , ＂ two fullfront roll and turn（E / F）＂ breaks the all for one situation of ＂ two back bend roll（D）＂ . 3）The difficulty to arrange a complete parallel bars sets is gradually increase, and the arm -holding routine has a great influence on the completion of the athletes, and the back-rise, thebig loop, the support swing or turn routine were well received by the athletes. Efforts to pursuea higher level balance of ＂ difficulty and beauty＂ will always be the eternal theme of thegymnastics competition.