尿液细胞外囊泡检测及其临床应用进展

Urine extracelluar vesicle determination and its research progress

细胞外囊泡(EV)是机体内细胞在向外出芽和细胞膜裂变过程中释放出的微小囊泡,内含特异性生物活性分子,如蛋白质、核酸和脂质,因此有望成为临床疾病新型标志物。EV广泛存在于人类的各种体液中,其中尿液是研究EV的良好对象,具有标本量充足、标本易得且无创等特点。尿液EV内容物是潜在的疾病标志物。文章对尿液EV的检测方法及其临床应用作了综述。

Extracelluar vesicles（EV） are vesicles which are released from most cell types during budding and cell membrane fission. EV specific molecules,such as proteins,nucleic acids and lipids,are expected as novel biomarkers. EV exists in the body uid of human body. Urine is a good target for the research of EV,with the advantages of sufficient volume,obtaining easily and non-invasive operation. The component urine EV may be potential as biomarkers of various diseases. This review mainly focuses on the determination of urine EV and its clinical application.