海口马鞍岭火山口地区的维管植物多样性

Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of vascular plants in the Ma'anling volcanic area of Hainan,China

马鞍岭火山口地区位于海南省海口市西南部,是我国唯一的热带城市海岛火山群,具有热带及向南亚热带过渡生物群落的典型特征。我们通过实地调查分析了该地区维管植物的物种多样性、谱系多样性和植物区系,并推测了其可能的起源与演化历史。结果显示:海口马鞍岭火山口地区共有维管植物284种,隶属88科241属,其中本地种194个、外来入侵种23个、逸生种19个、归化种31个、栽培种40个。珍稀濒危植物4种,包括被《IUCN红色名录(2013)》列为易危物种的土沉香(Aquilaria sinensis)和降香(Dalbergia odorifera),被《国家重点保护植物名录》列为易危物种的海南龙血树(Dracaena cambodiana)和濒危物种荔枝(Litchi chinensis)。总体来说,马鞍岭火山口地区植物种类丰富,乔木在不同土地利用类型(人工林、次生林和撂荒地)中的物种多样性差异显著(P<0.05),而灌木和草本植物在不同土地利用类型中的物种多样性差异不显著。人工林与撂荒地间的谱系多样性差异显著(P<0.05),而次生林与这两者的差异都不显著。植物区系以热带成分为主,其区系成分与广东植物区系联系最为密切,而与越南及广西的植物区系的联系较远。本文结果为进一步深入研究该地区植物区系、植物的保护及利用提供了依据。

The Ma＇anling volcanic area in Hainan Province, located in the southwest portion of Haikou, is the only tropical island volcano group of China, and contains China＇s typical tropical and subtropical biological communities. We carried out a field investigation of the vascular plants in the area. In this paper, we examined the origination and evolution of flora, listing all plants in the region and analyzing the taxonomy and phylogenetic diversity. Results showed that there were 284 species of vascular plants in the Ma＇anling area of Haikou belonging to 88 families and 241 genera, which included 194 native species, 23 exotic invasive species, 31 naturalized species, 40 cultivars and 4 rare and endangered plant species. In general, plant species were abundant in the crater area of the saddle ridge and species diversity of the trees under different land use regimes（plantation, secondary forest, and wasteland） was significant, whereas species diversity of shrubs and grasses in different land types was not significant. There were significant diversity differences between the plantations and the wastelands, while the diversity differences between the secondary forests and the plantations were insignificant. In addition, flora was mainly composed of tropical taxa that are most closely related to the flora of Guangdong; likewise, the flora of Vietnam and Guangxi are also closely linked. This study provided a basis for further exploration of flora as well as plant protection and utilization in the area.