拨辊推送式马铃薯清选分选机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Potato Cleaning and Sorting Machine

针对现有马铃薯清选分选机的薯土分离效果差、伤薯率较高、工作效率低等问题,设计了一种拨辊推送式马铃薯清选分选机。对该机器的工作机理进行了阐述,确定了清选装置、分选装置的结构参数,分析了马铃薯在清选分选过程中的力学特性。选取机组的转速、上料量、机组提升角度作为试验因素,伤薯率、分选清洁率为试验性能指标进行正交试验,并对试验结果进行显著性分析。结果表明,各因素对伤薯率影响的主次因素顺序为:机组提升角度、机组转速和上料量;对分选清洁率的影响主次因素顺序为:上料量、机组转速和机组提升角度。按照以马铃薯的伤薯率较低,兼顾分选清洁率较高的原则,确定较优组合,即机组转速为145 r/min,上料量为20 t/h,机组提升角度为12°,并对该参数组合进行了验证试验,结果表明,在该条件下机器伤薯率为0.773%,分选清洁率为95.42%,符合基本作业要求。

In order to solve the problems of poor separation effect, high damage rate and low working efficiency of the existing potato cleaning and sorting machine, a poking roller shoving type potato cleaning and sorting machine was designed. The working mechanism of the potato cleaning machine was described, and the structural parameters of the cleaning device and the sorting device were determined. And the mechanical properties of potato during cleaning and sorting process were analyzed. The orthogonal test was carried out with the unit speed, feeding amount and unit lifting angle as experimental factors, the damaged rate and sorting cleaning rate as experimental indexes. The test results were analyzed by using the data processing software, and it showed that the primary and secondary factors influencing the damaged rate were as follow： unit lifting angle, rotating speed and feeding amount; and the factors affecting the sorting cleaning rate were as follow： feeding amount, unit speed and unit lifting angle. According to the principle of low damage rate and good cleaning rate, the optimum experimental parameters combination were as follow： the unit speed of 145 r/min, the feeding account of 20 t/h, and the unit lifting angle of 12°. And verifying test results were as follows as follow ： the damage rate of potato was 0. 773% and the sorting cleaning rate was 95.42% , which met the requirement of potato cleaner. The research provided a reference for further reducing the damage rate and optimizing the parameter of potato sorting machine.