“一带一路”沿线国家吸引国际直接投资的制度建设研究--中国“渐进式改革”经验与借鉴

RESEARCH ON “ONE-BELT-ONE-ROAD” COUNTRIES ATTRACTING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT——Experience of China's Gradually-advanced Reform

从世界经济发展的历程来看,国际资本流动是全球化背景下要素流动配置的必经之路,国际直接投资对东道国的经济增长具有积极的推动作用。对于正处于经济发展初级阶段的"一带一路"沿线国家而言,国际直接投资可以通过促进其资本形成、技术水平提升等来推动经济增长。但是由于沿线涉及诸多国家,环境相对复杂,各国经济社会发展水平落差巨大,投资环境大不相同,地区安全风险频发等,这些国家在吸引国际直接投资的时候面临诸多问题,而这些问题本质上与沿线大部分国家处于发展初期阶段,欠缺相对规范的市场经济体制和市场规则紧密相关。中国改革开放以来取得的成绩以及吸引FDI的成就与渐进式改革密切相关。中国采取诱致性制度变迁与强制性制度变迁相结合的渐进式改革经验可以为"一带一路"沿线国家吸引国际直接投资进行制度改革提供有效的借鉴,即建立和完善市场经济体制,培育真正的市场化主体,建立和完善相关法律法规,同时加强国际合作与互助等。

Throughout the history of world economic development, international capital flow is the only route to allocating flowing factors under the background of globalization, foreign direct investment （FDI） brings positive effects to push forward the host country＇s economic growth. As many countries along the route of ＂One-Belt-One Road＂ （OBOR） are still in the early stage of economic development, FDI may help increase economic growth by facilitating their capital formation and raise the level of technology. Considering the complexities and discrepancies among the investment environment and economic develop- ment of many OBOR countries, attracting FDI become more challenging for them. The fundamental issue here is that these OBOR countries are mostly in the early development stage, which implies the lacking of normative standards for establishing a market economy system. With the Opening-up Reform, China moved slowly but steadily and gradually accumulated its own reform experience, especially combining in- ductive institution evolution and compulsory institution evolution, leading to market-oriented reform and economic development pattern by incremental reform and other measures, which all provided experiences and references for the OBOR countries.