责任分配视野下的归责体系重构

Reconstitution of the Imputation System from the Perspective of Responsibility Allocation

归因和归责的区分必要性不在于事实与规范的二分,而是归责层面主要解决责任分配问题。责任分配问题在刑法中具有合理根据,对此方法论整体主义、结果归责理论、被害人教义学都可以提供理由。责任分配原则在刑法体系内主要应对介入因素问题以及共犯问题的处理。在行为人自己介入过错行为的问题上,如果行为人之外的人不存在过错,就不能因为行为人自己的过错导致行为人的责任减轻或免除。在介入他人过错场合的归责,"引起型归责"与"义务型归责"中行为人的责任并不能得到减损,而在其他场合,介入因素的可预见性、介入行为的过错程度、作用大小都是责任分配中应当考量的要素。

The necessity of distinguishing causation and imputation does not come from the dichotomy of fact and norm, and imputation mainly means responsibility allocation, which, in the criminal law, can be justified by methodological holism, result imputation theory and victim dogmatics. It solves the problem of intervening cause and complicity. If no other people are found guilty, the doer who voluntarily gets involved in the fault responsibility cannot be reduced or exempted from his responsibility. In intervening other people's fault,'imputation of induction'and'imputation of responsibility'cannot reduce the doer's responsibility, while in other situations, the predictability of intervening factor, the degree and result of the fault should be considered in responsibility allocation.