不同矢状骨面型青少年患者上气道大小的锥形束CT分析

Evaluation of upper airway dimension among adolescent patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns by conebeam CT

目的:应用锥形束CT(CBCT)测量、分析不同矢状骨面型青少年患者上气道大小,以明确矢状骨面型是否影响上气道大小。方法:将75例青少年患者根据ANB角大小分为Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类3种矢状骨面型组。3组的年龄、性别匹配并且垂直骨面型均为均角型。每例患者使用CBCT扫描其颅面部,对上气道各段的长度、截面积、容积等指标进行测量,从而分析上气道大小是否存在差异。采用SPSS 22.0软件包对数据进行单因素方差分析。结果:3种矢状骨面型组上气道Anp平面、Lnp平面、Lvp平面、Lgp平面、Lhp平面截面积无显著差异。Ⅱ类患者的舌咽气道容积[(2.34±0.79)m L]显著小于Ⅲ类患者[(3.18±0.63)m L](P<0.05),Ⅱ类患者的上气道总容积[(13.89±2.51)m L]显著小于Ⅰ类[(16.48±4.41)m L]和Ⅲ类患者[(17.47±3.55)m L](P<0.05)。结论:Ⅱ类矢状骨面型青少年患者的上气道容积显著减小,可能导致阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的发生。

PURPOSE： To analyze whether upper airway dimensions were influenced by different sagittal skeletal pattern among adolescent patients. METHODS： Seventy-five adolescent patients were divided into 3 groups based on their ANB angles.The three groups were matched for age and sex. All subjects had a normodivergent skeletal pattern.Airway lengths, cross-sectional measurements and volumes were measured by using cone-beam computed tomography （CBCT） volume scans, and two-dimensional lateral eephalograms were created and analyzed. Airway lengths, cross-sectional measurements and volumes were compared among 3 groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS： No significant difference among the three groups was found in Anp, Lup, Lvp, Lgp and Lhp cross-sectional areas of the airway. The glossopharynx volume was smaller in Class II [（2.34±0.79）mL] than in Class III [（3.18±0.63）mL] patients（P〈0.05）. Total upper airway volume in Class ]] [（13.89±2.51）mL] patients was smaller than in Class [ [（16.48± 4.41）mL] and III [（17.47±3.55）mL] patients （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Upper airway volume is significantly reduced in Class II sagittal skeletal pattern, leading to a higher risk of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome.