上海市维持性血液透析患者动静脉内瘘知识现状及相关因素的多中心研究

Multicenter study of the knowledge about arteriovenous fistula and its related factors in hemodialysis patients in Shanghai

目的了解维持性血液透析患者动静脉内瘘知识掌握现状并分析影响因素,为制定针对性健康教育方案提供依据。方法采用方便取样,以自行设计的人口学及血液透析患者AVF相关知识问卷对上海市8所三级甲等医院430名维持性血液透析患者进行问卷调查;采用SPSS22.0软件对数据进行录入与分析,描述一般人口学资料及AVF相关知识得分与正确率。结果上海市超半数血液透析患者AVF相关知识处于低水平;且文化程度(β=1.758,P<0.001)、内瘘是否重建(β=1.289,P<0.001)、年龄(β=-0.494,P=0.005)、婚姻状况(β=-1.146,P=0.007)是AVF相关知识水平的影响因素。结论医护人员应加强患者内瘘知识宣教/培训,可根据患者个体差异制定个性化的健康教育方案,以匹配患者需求,提高内瘘知识掌握程度。

Objective To investigate the knowledge about arteriovenous fistula（AVF） and its influencing factors in hemodialysis patients. Methods A total of 430 hemodialysis patients with AVF in the 8 hospitals in Shanghai were selected by the convenience sampling method. They were investigated by self-designed questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was completed by using SPSS 22.0 software. Results The knowledge about AVF was at a low level in most hemodialysis patients. Educational level（β=1.758, P〈0.001）, revascularization of AVF（β=1.289, P〈0.001）, age（β=-0.494, P=0.005） and marital status（β=-1.146, P=0.007） were the predictors for knowledge score. Conclusions In order to improve the knowledge about AVF in hemodialysis patients, medical personnel should reinforce education on AVF knowledge and training on AVF protection in hemodialysis patients, and develop individualized programs to enhance their knowledge level.