新疆部分地区农田土壤中蛔虫卵污染调查

Investigation on ascarid eggs pollution in farmland soil in Xinjiang

目的了解新疆部分地区农田土壤蛔虫卵污染情况,为制定防治对策及评价防治效果提供依据。方法 2016年7─8月按分层随机方式抽取新疆13个地(市)的25个县、500个行政村,统一采集农田土壤样本,每村采集一份样本,采用改良饱和硝酸钠漂浮检查法分离土壤蛔虫卵,并鉴定受精蛔虫卵的存活状态。结果调查农田土壤样本500份,检出蛔虫卵148份,虫卵检出率29.60%;检出活卵102份,活卵检出率20.40%;水田样本中蛔虫卵检出率最高(55.88%),活卵检出率为55.88%;砂土样本中蛔虫卵检出率也较高,达到42.52%,活卵检出率39.37%;不同土地类型(χ~2=13.07)、土壤质地(χ~2=18.87)、土壤根系(χ~2=37.84)、土壤湿度(χ~2=12.87)蛔虫卵检出率差别均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论新疆农田土壤蛔虫卵污染情况不容乐观,应加强粪便无害化处理、改水改厕、改造环境等措施,以保护人群免受感染。

Objective To understand the ascarid eggs pollution in farmland soil in part rural area of Xinjiang, and to provide the basis for formulating countermeasures of prevention and control, and evaluating control effect. Methods There were 500 villages in 25 counties of 13 prefectures（cities） selected by stratified random sampling. One soil sample was collected in one village, and all soil samples were examined by modified floatation test with saturated sodium nitrate to isolate the ascarid eggs and identify whether the fertilized eggs were alive or not. Results The detection rate of ascarid eggs and living eggs was respectively 29.60% and 20.40%. The detection rate of ascarid eggs and living eggs in paddy field samples was both 55.88%, the highest. It was also higher in sandy soil samples that the detection rate of ascarid eggs and living eggs was respectively 42.52% and 39.37%. The detection rates of ascarid eggs had statistical difference（P〈0.05） aming different land types（χ^2=13.07）, soil texture（χ^2=18.87）, soil root system（χ^2=37.84） and soil moisture（χ^2=12.87）. Conclusions The ascarid eggs pollution of farmland soil in rural area of Xinjiang is not optimistic. The measures such as harmless disposal of manure, improvement of water supply systems, lavatories and environment etc. should be enhanced to protect people from ascarid eggs infection.