农户退耕还林生态补偿预期及其影响因素——以哈巴湖自然保护区和六盘山自然保护区为例

Determinants of farm households' ecological compensation expectation to the Grain for Green Project: An empirical analysis based on Haba Lake National Nature Reserve and Liupanshan Mountain National Nature Reserve

为遏止水土流失和土地沙化,我国于2002年全面启动退耕还林工程。2014年《新一轮退耕还林还草总体方案》出台标志着国家新一轮退耕还林工程正式启动。在两次工程实施起到承前启后的节点上,开展退耕还林生态补偿研究具有重要现实意义。文中以退耕还林典型项目区宁夏哈巴湖国家级自然保护区和六盘山国家级自然保护区为例,采用CVM方法定量分析农户继续参与退耕还林工程的受偿预期及其影响因素。结果发现:1)哈巴湖自然保护区退耕还林生态补偿预期均值是2584元/hm^2,六盘山自然保护区生态补偿预期均值是4820元/hm^2,六盘山自然保护区农户的生态补偿预期显著高于哈巴湖自然保护区。2)哈巴湖自然保护区95.8%的农户的生态补偿预期低于新一轮国家生态补偿标准,而六盘山自然保护区71.7%的农户的生态补偿预期低于该标准。3)机会成本和家庭年收入是生态补偿预期的显著影响因素。家庭年收入越少的农户对生态补偿的预期越高,反映出低收入农户期望得到更高的生态补偿。此外,机会成本越高的农户对生态补偿的预期也越高。

To prevent water loss and soil erosion and land desertification, in 2002, Grain for Green Project star- ted in China. And in 2014, a new round of Grain for Green Project launched officially. Based on the survey data from Haba Lake National Nature Reserve （HLNNR） and Liupanshan Mountain National Nature Reserve （LMN- NR）, the contingent valuation method （CVM） was applied to empirically analyze the farmers＇ willingness to ac- cept （WTA） of ecological compensation expectation for the Grain for Green Project. Results show that the mean ecological compensation expectation of HLNNR is 2584 Yuan/hm2, and that of LMNNR is 4820 Yuan/hm2, the mean ecological compensation expectation of HLNNR is significantly higher than that of LMNNR. The anticipated degree of satisfaction of farm household to the second round of Grain for Green Project will be 95.8% in HLNNR and 71.7% in LMNNR. The factors significantly influencing the farmers＇ WTA mainly include annual household income and opportunity cost. The less the annual household income is, the higher the ecological compensation expectation is. And the higher the opportunity cost is, the higher the ecological compensation expectation is.