基于生态系统服务价值的汾河流域生态补偿研究

Ecological compensation of Fenhe River watershed based on ecosystem service value

流域作为独特的地貌单元,是地理科学研究的重点领域。以流域为基本单元,开展流域生态补偿是协调上中下游之间经济发展与生态保护的重要经济机制。文中利用汾河流域2013年土地利用遥感影像解译数据,基于生态系统服务价值,以上中下游流域和各县域2个空间尺度,计算其生态系统服务价值和生态补偿优先级,明确补偿的优先地区和支付地区。结果表明:1)上游段的生态系统服务价值和生态补偿优先级远大于中、下游段,应当优先获得生态补偿。2)经济发展相对较落后的县域,其生态系统服务价值和生态补偿优先级较高,应急需优先获得生态补偿;经济发展水平相对较高的地级市的市辖区和县级市,生态系统服务价值和生态补偿优先级较低,应率先支付生态补偿。

As a special geomorphic unit, watershed has gradually become the focus of the geography. Taking riv- er watershed as the basic unit to carry out the ecological compensation is an important economic mechanism to co- ordinate the economic development and ecological protection among the regions （upper, middle and lower rea- ches）. Based on ecosystem service value, using the interpretation data of land use remote sensing image in 2013, the ecosystem services and ecological compensation priority of each river watershed segment and each counties （ cities, districts） of Fenhe River watershed were calculated and analyzed, the priority areas of ecological compensation and payment areas were determined. The results showed that： （ 1 ） The value of ecosystem services and the priority of ecological compensation of the upper reaches were much greater than the middle and lower rea- ches of the river, and should be the first to obtain ecological compensation. （2） Counties （ cities and districts） that their economic development level were relatively backward, their ecosystem service value and ecological compen- sation priority sequence were higher, it was emergency to obtain ecological compensation for these regions. The regions that their economic development levels were relatively higher, such as the prefecture level cities and the county level cites, their ecosystem service values and the priority of ecological compensation were lower, they should be the first to pay for ecological compensation. This study only provided a certain basis for the develop- ment of watershed ecological compensation. The specific watershed ecological compensation mechanism and standards are still need to be further studied.