西北旱区主要气候资源的空间变异性研究

Spatial variability of main climatic resources in northwest arid area

西北旱区地处生态脆弱区,为充分利用其气候资源、协调区域生态环境与社会经济发展,开展主要气候资源的空间变异性研究极为重要。文中利用西北旱区191个气象站点的7个主要气象因子,运用经典统计学和地统计学分析方法来研究各气象因子空间变异性特征。结果表明:(1)干燥度的变异系数>1,其余因子变异系数皆∈(0.157,0.712),表明各气象因子在空间上呈现中等或强烈的空间变异特征;(2)各因子的基底效应值均>0.75,说明气象因子主要受到结构性因子的影响,不会轻易改变或在短时期内难以改变;(3)降水量和相对湿度自西北向东南呈现出递增趋势;蒸发量和干燥度则反之。年均温于新疆和陕西南部出现峰值;日照时数和风速整体上自北向南呈递减趋势。文中通过研究西北旱区气候变化的空间变异特征,有利于把握西北旱区的气候变化规律,为西北旱区农牧业发展提供科学依据。

Northwest arid area of China is of the spatial variability of major climatic resources for ecological fragile areas, so it has great importance to study the making full use of climate resources, coordinating regional eco- logical environment and socio- economic development. In this study, based on seven major meteorological fac- tors of the 191 meteorological stations in the northwest arid area, classical statistics and geostatistical analysis methods were used to study the spatial variability and distribution of meteorological factors. Results showed that ： （ 1 ） The coefficient of variation of dryness 〉 1, and the coefficient of variation of the rest of factor was between 0. 157 and 0.712, indicated that various meteorological factors presented medium or strong spatial variation char- acteristic. （2）The basic effect value of each factor was greater than 0.75, indicating that meteorological factors were mainly influenced by structural factors （natural factors）, and would not easily change or be difficult to change in the short term. （3）Precipitation and relative humidity showed an increasing trend from northwest to southeast; evaporation and dryness performed the opposite characteristics. Average annual temperature peak ap- peared in southern Xinjiang and ShanXi. Sunshine duration and wind speed had a descending trend overall from North to South. The proposed research method in this research for studying the spatial variability of meteorologi- cal factors was scientifically credible; furthermore, the method has a certain theoretical reference value for cli- mate resources spatial variation of the same type region. It＇s helpful to grasp the characteristics of climate change and provides scientific basis for husbandry by studying the spatial variation features of climate change in north- west arid area.