环境规制、环境规制竞争与就业——基于省际空间杜宾模型的分析

Environmental Regulation,Environmental Regulation Competition and Employment:An Analysis Based on Inter-provincial Spatial Durbin Model

利用2000—2014年中国省际面板数据,采用空间面板杜宾模型考察我国环境规制、环境规制竞争对就业的影响。研究结果表明:(1)总体而言,加强环境规制抑制了就业增长。而分区域来看,环境规制的就业效应存在差异,东部地区加强环境规制对就业存在显著的正向影响,而中西部地区加强环境规制对就业存在负向影响。(2)地方政府间环境规制存在策略性竞争行为,从全国层面来看,地方政府间环境规制以逐底竞争策略为主,而分区域来看则存在差异,东部地区环境规制体现为差异化竞争,而中西部地区则以逐底竞争为特征。(3)地方政府间环境规制竞争具有显著的空间溢出效应,某一地区放松环境规制将会对邻近地区的就业水平产生正向溢出效应。

This paper examines the effects of environmental regulation and environmental regulation competition on employment based on the 2000 - 2014 Chinese provincial panel data by using spatial panel Durbin model. The results show that ： （ 1 ） As a whole, strengthening environmental regulation can deteriorate the employment growth. In different regions, the effect of environmental regulation on employment is different. The greater strength of environmental regulation in the eastern regions has significant positive impact on employment, while the greater strength of environmental regulation in the central and western regions has negative impact on employment. （2） There exists the strategic environmental regulation competition among the local governments. From a national perspective, the environmental regulation competition among the local governments is mainly represented by ＂Race to Bottom＂ strategy. However, there exists difference among different regions. The environmental regulation competition in eastern regions is represented by the differential strategy, while the environmental regulation competition in central and western regions is characterized by ＂Race to Bottom＂ strategy. （3）Local environmental regulation competition has significant spatial spillover effects, and the relaxation of environmental regulation in a region will have a positive spillover effect on the employment of the neighboring region.