南北分宗说及与南宗画派相关的几个问题

Brief Analysis on South and North Sect of Landscape Painting and Several Problems

"南北分宗"借用禅修的顿、渐之悟来喻指中国绘画史上两种不同的风格。在明末董其昌的倡导下,南北分宗成为了中国绘画史上两大不同画派的划分标准。董氏的划派体系,崇南抑北,南宗画成为了文人画的正宗。文人画所主张的柔、淡、清、静、自然、天真的美学风格成为了历代文人画家所崇尚的美学旨趣。这种审美旨趣的思想基础来源于禅宗尤其是南宗和老庄思想。诗学中的"淡美"风格对这种审美理想产生过深刻影响。

South and North Sect of Landscape Painting used two types of meditation, insight enlightenment and gradual enlightenment to signify two different painting styles in Chinese painting history. Initiated by Dong Qichang, a landscape painter in later Ming dynasty, South and North Sect of Landscape Painting be- came the partition criterion of two different schools of painting. This system praised South Sect Landscape Painting highly and suppressed North Sect Landscape Painting. Therefore, South Sect Landscape Painting became the main stream, Scholars Painting. Its aesthetic style of gentle, lightness in color, clear and pure, quiet and silent, natural, artless became the aesthetic purport of Scholars Painting of different epochs. The philosophy of Scholars Painting mainly derived from Lao - Zhuang philosophy whose style of lightness in color in poetic influenced Scholars Painting deeply.