银行卡清算机构纵向限制监管的国际比较与借鉴

International Comparison and Enlightenments of the Supervision on Vertical Restraints Implemented by Bank Card Clearing Schemes

中国已确立银行卡清算市场开放政策,相应地,在市场开放条件下如何对银行卡清算机构实施反垄断与规制监管也就成为一个新的现实课题,而对纵向限制的监管是其重要组成部分。长期维持银行卡清算市场开放的美国、澳大利亚和欧盟对银行卡清算机构的纵向限制普遍实施了监管。对上述典型国家和地区的相关监管历史与最新进展进行回顾和比较,为中国银行卡清算机构纵向限制监管的改进提供一些借鉴,包括:逐渐建立融合规制机构事前监管和反垄断法基础上的事后监管的混合监管模式;对在位者和进入者应用排他性规则进行区分和谨慎监管等。

China has decided to open its domestic bank card clearing market. Accordingly,it has become necessary and urgent to consider howto implement the anti-monopoly and regulation supervision on bank card clearing schemes under the background of market opening. The supervision on vertical restraints is very important. America,Australia and European Union,which have been keeping their bank card clearing markets open for a long time,have implemented the supervision on vertical restraints carried out by bank card clearing schemes. On the basis of reviewing and comparing their supervision histories and recent progresses,some enlightenments for the related supervision in China can be ob-tained. Specifically,a mixed supervision mode should be gradually established,which combines regulatory agencies' ex ante supervision and anti-monopoly ex post supervision. Exclusionary rule should be analyzed and supervised distinguishingly between incumbents and entrants,and so forth.