艺术人类学:研究视野与当代趋势

Art Anthropology: Research Horizons and Contemporary Trends

人类学家对艺术的研究依据民族志方法,集中于对边缘和异域社会的研究。人类学家将艺术生产视为一种嵌入于艺术界以及复杂的社会关系中的活动。仅仅关注艺术品,而忽视促使其生成的一系列复杂的人类关系是错误的。早期对小型部落社会艺术的研究,集中于确立艺术品的文化起源,以建立类型学的分类,满足西方博物馆管理者的需要。最近对第三世界艺术的研究更多关注艺术如何表达地方或民族文化。还有研究关注西方艺术界,追问艺术作为一种商品和自我表达的手段是如何融入现代资本主义社会的。人类学所秉持的深入的厚描方法,将会极大地推动对于艺术市场的研究。这是未来的一个研究趋向。

Anthropologists＇ research on art is based on ethnographic methods and focuses on the study of marginal and ex- otic societies. Anthropologists regard art production as an activity embedded in the art world and in complex social rela- tions. It is wrong to focus only on artwork and to ignore a series of complex human relationships that make it happen. Early research on the social art of small tribes focused on establishing the cultural origins of works of art in order to establish typo- logical classifications to meet the needs of western museum managers. Recent studies of the third world art focus more on how art expresses local or national cultures. There are also studies that focus on the western art world, asking how art can integrate into modern capitalist society as a means of goods and self-expression. Anthropology upholds the deep method of thickening, will greatly promote the study of the art market. This is a future research trend.