铁路大宗货物运价市场化改革研究

Study on the Market-Oriented Reform of Railway Freight Rates for Bulk Goods

为深化铁路市场化改革,建立、完善符合现代铁路运输组织方式和运输市场规律的铁路货运价格体系,分别从国家政策和铁路市场化改革方面对铁路货物运价政策沿革进行梳理,并对美国、俄罗斯、法国等国家铁路货物运价机制进行研究和借鉴。在政府指导价上限管理的国家政策下,分析探究影响铁路运价的主要因素和大宗货物的运输特点,提出基于成本、负担、供求的定价理论方法,通过2017年以来的价格实践和成果,为铁路提升企业效益和社会效益,深化运价机制改革提供参考。

In order to deepen the market-oriented reform in the railway sector, and establish the railway freight transport price system in line with the modern railway transport organization and the principles of transport market, this paper describes an evolution of the freight transport price policy in terms of national policy and market-oriented reform of railway sector, and studies the price system in the US, Russia and France. The national policy is still based on the ceiling price of the government referential price. With this background, this paper analyzes the major factors affecting the rates and features of bulk goods transport, and proposes a pricing method based on cost, responsibility and supply-demand. The practice and achievements since 2017 can serve as a reference for the railway enterprise to improve both its own benefits and social benefits, and deepen the reform on freight rate mechanism.