地下工程施工突发事件应急辐射研究

Study on Emergency Management Radiation to the Construction Emergencies of Underground Engineering Projects

地下工程施工突发事件破坏程度高,单靠项目部的应急救援能力,往往不足以应对。阐明了地下工程施工突发事件应急辐射的作用,指出应急辐射具有时效、差异、动态、双向等特点,研究分析了影响应急辐射的应急救援力量、应急资源、专业救援匹配度、应急处置效率、交通运输条件等5种因素,构建了地下工程施工突发事件应急辐射模型,并进行实证研究。研究表明:施工企业和项目部应科学评估周边应急辐射强弱,充分利用附近的应急救援力量和资源,与自身的应急准备互为补充,共同应对重特大施工突发事件,能够有效减少自身的应急准备投入,提高资源配置效率。

The emergency rescue capability on project level is usually inadequate to cope with construction emergencies of underground engineering projects due to the high damage degree of such contingencies. This paper introduces the concept of Emergency Management Radiation into construction emergencies,which is characterized by the natures of timeliness,difference,dynamic,bidirection,etc. Five factors influencing emergency management radiation,namely,the power of emergency rescue,emergency resource,the matched degree of professional rescue,emergency disposal efficiency and communication and transportation conditions were firstly analyzed. Then,an emergency management radiation model of construction emergency of underground engineering projects was proposed.At last,a model with subway projects in a city was illustrated. The research shows that,construction enterprises and project management teams should given scientific assessment of the emergency management radiation capability. Their own emergency input can be reduced and the efficiency of resource allocation can be improved by coordinating with nearby emergency rescue power and resource to supply their own ones when serious construction emergencies of underground engineering projects happen.