汉外对比大有可为——纪念吕叔湘先生《通过对比研究语法》发表40周年

Contrastive Studies of Chinese and Foreign Languages Is Definitely a Promising Endeavor:In Commemoration of the 40th Anniversary of Professor Lü Shuxiang's Speech “Study Grammar through Comparison”

本文简要回顾自1977年吕叔湘先生发表《通过对比研究语法》40年来我国对比研究取得的主要成就,并对汉外对比中存在的问题以及今后的研究提出几点想法。40年来,我国的汉外对比研究尤其在学科建设、研究水平、探索汉外语言本质差异等三个方面取得了长足的进步和巨大的成就。但有两个问题特别值得引起重视:一个是共同对比基础,一个是对比的结论缺乏说服力。要解决这两个问题,研究者必须通过汉外对比在探索语言共性方面下大力气,并不断优化自身的知识结构。

This article gives a general reviewof the achievements scored by China's contrastive studies since 1977,when Professor LǚShu-xiang delivered his well-know n speech 'Study Grammar through Comparison',and offers some considerations on the major problems with the contrastive studies of Chinese and foreign languages.The author holds that a great progress has been made in China's contrastive studies over the past 40 years,which is chiefly manifested in(1)discipline construction,(2)research quality,and(3)the exploration of the fundamental differences between Chinese and foreign languages,notably Western Languages.However,two problems are especially noteworthy:one is tertium comparationis,and the other is the lack of persuasiveness in the comparison.To solve these problems,the author proposes that researchers should make tremendous effort to explore language universals through comparison between Chinese and foreign languages,and in the meanwhile to optimize their know ledge structure.