张国伟跳高技术的运动生物力学分析

Sports biomechanic analysis on the high-jump technique of Zhang Guo-wei

通过两台摄像机拍摄我国优秀跳高运动员张国伟一次训练课中试跳三个不同高度[2.10米(4次试跳)、2.15米(5次试跳)和2.20米(5次试跳)]助跑最后一步、起跳和过杆的过程,将其14次运动学参数与9名美国优秀男子跳高运动员25次试跳的数据进行对比。张国伟跳高技术特点表现为:1)助跑最后两步弧度较小接近直线;2)助跑时重心比较高,最后一步落地时重心较高;3)起跳点距离横杆过近造成最大过杆高度远在横杆后面;4)助跑最后一步方向不稳定造成起跳时垂直于横杆的起跳水平速度不稳定,因而实际过杆高度不稳定;5)腾空后背弓不够造成最大过杆高度远低于重心最大高度。

Through two cameras, we shoot the process of Chinese elite high-jump athlete Zhang Guo- wei trial jump of three different heights [2.10 m （for 4 trial jumps）, 2.15 m （for 5 trial jumps）, and 2.20 m （for 5 trial jumps） ] in a training class, including the whole course of last step of run-up to take off and then over the bar, then compares the 14 kinematic parameters with the 25 trial jumps data of nine elite male American high-jump athletes. We found Zhang＇s features are ： 1 ） The radian of his last two steps of run-up is smaller, close to straight line; 2） The center of gravity is relatively high when he did the run-up, so when he landed the last step, the center of gravity is higher too ; 3） The take off point is too close to the bar, therefor the maximum over-bar height was far behind the bar; 4） The instability direction of his final step of run- up caused the instability of his vertical take-off speed, result in instability over-bar height; 5 ） Leap back arch being not small enough caused the maximum over-bar height much lower than the maximum height of the center of gravity.