独龙、德昂等云南“极少数民族”大学生体质调查

Physical investigation of Dulong,De'ang and other "extreme minority ethnic" undergraduate in Yunnan

目的:通过对云南省6个极少数民族大学生体质健康状况调查与比较分析,达到促进少数民族地区大学生体质整体提高和对极少数民族大学生的科学支持和人文关怀的目的。方法:对云南省少数民族地区8所地州高校的1 618名极少数民族大学生的身体形态、身体机能、身体素质三类指标进行数据统计、比较分析。结果:女生BMI值都在正常范围之内;阿昌族男生的平均值已达到偏胖程度;男生肺活量体重指数均处于不及格水平,女生独龙族、怒族、阿昌族处于不及格水平;男生力量素质、男女生速度素质、男女生下肢力量、男生耐力素质较弱;极少数民族女生耐力素质比云南省汉族女大学生要差;极少数民族男女生的肺活量体重指数明显低于全国平均值,耐力素质也低于全国平均值;极少数民族地区学生的心力储备能力要好于全国平均水平。结论:遗传因素、自然环境、社会经济发展、生活习俗影响极少数民族大学生的身体健康状况。

Objective： To promote the improvement of the undergraduate＇s physical fitness, and a- chieve the scientific support and humanistic care for the minority undergraduate, based on the inves- tigation and comparative analysis of the physical health status of undergraduates of the six minority ethnics in Yunnan. Methods ： This paper makes a statistical and comparative analysis of the body fig- ure, body functions, and physical fitness of 1618 minority undergraduates in 8 colleges or universi- ties in the minority ethnic areas of Yunnan. Results： Female undergraduates＂ BMI were within the normal range; The average BMI of Achang minority has reached overweight; Lung Capacity and Body Mass Index of all male were substandard, and female Dulong, Nu, Achang were substandard; The strength quality of male, speed quality of both male and female, the lower limb strength of both male and female, endurance qualities of the male were poor ; The endurance qualities of extreme mi- nority ethnic female were worse than the Yunnan Han ethnic female; The Lung Capacity, Body Mass Index and endurance quality of extreme minority ethnic male and female were significantly lower than the national average; The cardiac reserve capacity of extreme minority undergraduate is higher than the national average. Conclusions： Genetic factors, natural environment, social and economic devel- opment, living habits have affected the health status of extreme minority ethnic undergraduate.