中国老年人失能过程研究——基于Verbrugge模型的考察

The Disablement Process of Chinese elderly:Based On the Verbrugge Disablement Process Model

失能过程研究可以为政策介入老人失能过程以减缓老人照料需求提供政策依据。本文基于2008年和2011年两期中国老年人健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)数据,以Verbrugge模型为理论基础构建中国老年人失能过程模型,研究发现:中国老年人失能过程表现为疾病(身体损害)、身体功能性限制、失能的演变过程。身体功能性限制特别是下肢活动能力限制是疾病(身体损伤)向失能过渡的中间环节;中风脑血管疾病、老年痴呆、糖尿病是导致身体功能性限制的主要疾病;作为内在个体因素的社会隔离感以及外在个体因素的医疗和生活资源的可获得性对老年人失能过程具有显著影响。在风险因素中,年龄是影响老年人失能的最主要因素。

In order to analysis the disablement process of Chinese elderly,Using 2011-2012 CLHLS data,Verbrugge Disablement Process model as the theory foundation to form Structural Equation Models.Findings：The Disablement Process model of Chinese Elderly could describe a pathway leading from pathology（impairment）to functional limitation,and ultimately to disability.The main pathway from pathology to ADL disability is through body functional limitations especially the Lower-body Function Limitations;dementia,Stroke or cvd,Diabetes are the mainly pathology affect body functional limitations.Intra-individual（social isolation）factors and extra-individual（medical resource）factors have significantly effect on body functional limitations.Among the risk factors,age is the most important risk factors,it has directly or indirectly influence the elderly ADL disability.