南宋江南圩田经济地位试探

On Jiangnan Polder Economy Position in Southern Song Dynasty

南宋政府为了解决财政困难、安置流民和稳定社会,大力发展江南圩田经济。由于将治水与治田结合,修复旧圩田,开辟新圩田,南宋江南圩田得到充分开发,在江东、浙西和浙东地区农田中占有重要地位,扩大了江南水田规模。由于农业生产条件好,耕作技术先进,人民勤劳,实行集约经营方式和农业耕作制度变革,农业生产多种经营和专门化经营相结合,有圩田的江东、浙西和浙东成为南宋农业集约经营的典型地区,其中圩田经济起着重要作用。圩田是南宋赋税重要来源,圩田租课在地方税收中比例较大,到南宋后期在中央财政中也占有重要地位。南宋江南圩田经济获得充分发展,经济地位高,对经济重心南移也有重要作用。

In the Southern Song Dynasty,the government developed the jiangnan polder economy for solving financial difficulties and placing the refugee and stabilizing the society.Becauce of combining managing water with managing field and repairing the old paddy field and constructing the new paddy field,the jiangnan polder was fully developed in the Southern Song Dynasty and occupied an important position in the farmland of Jiangdong,Zhexi and Zhedong area and expanded the scale of jiangnan paddy field.Because of good agricultural production conditions advanced farming techniques and people＇s hardworking intensive management mode farming system change and agricultural production of a variety of management and specialized management,the area of Jiangdong and Zhexi and Zhedong which had the polder became the type area of Southern Song Dynasty agricultural intensive management and the jiangnan polder economy playd an important role.The polder was an important source of taxes of the Southern Song Dynasty and the polder tax took a higher percentage of local tax and occupied an important position in the central government in the late Southern Song Dynasty.The jiangnan polder economy of the southern song dynasty got full development and its economic status was high and it also had an important significance on economic center moving southward.