涉外合同选法中意思自治的限制--《罗马条例Ⅰ》的规定及其对我国的启示

The Limits on Party Autonomy in Foreign-Related Contracts—— Rome I regulation and its implications to China

涉外合同选法中的意思自治在世界各国国际私法中都受到不同程度的限制。《罗马条例I》通过区分一般合同和特殊合同,以及对强制性规则类型化的方法,对意思自治基于不同条件进行了不同程度的限制,意图既能最大限度尊重当事人意思自由,又能够实现保护弱方当事人合法权益的法律政策。《罗马条例I》在较好地实现这一目标时,也存在着保护弱方当事人不足和空白的地方。对比《罗马条例I》的规定,我国涉外民事关系法律适用法对意思自治原则的限制存在笼统、适用条件不明确的缺点,会导致法律适用中的不确定性。我国的理论界和实务界在解释适用我国的相关规定时可以借鉴《罗马条例I》的相关规定来进一步发展我国法律。

The extent to which the party autonomy in foreign-related contracts is limited and varies fromcountry to country. Rome I Regulation restricts party autonomy by classifying the contracts into general andspecific ones, as well as categorizing the mandatory rules and imposes different restrictions based on abovedistinction, with a view to balanceg the respect of parties intention and the protection of weaker parties.These objectives have been achieved well in Rome I Regulation with defects of under-protecting weakerparties such as franchisees. In comparison, Chinese Act on the Applicable Laws of Foreign-related CivilRelationships has shortcomings in that the restrictions on party autonomy are vague and conducive touncertainty in application, so China＇s courts can develop the law by referring to Rome I.