中国自贸区临时仲裁规则的法律构建

The Legal Construction of Ad Hoc Arbitration Rules in Chinese Pilot Free Trade Zone

长期以来,中国仲裁法律与实践的总体态度是否定在中国开展临时仲裁的有效性。2016年,最高人民法院针对自贸区仲裁出具意见,为临时仲裁的引入提供了合法性基础。2017年,珠海仲裁委员会制定《横琴自由贸易试验区临时仲裁规则》,该规则结构科学、条款设计合理,不仅凸显了当事人意思自治原则及仲裁庭自由裁量权的重要作用,而且在程序细节方面大胆创新。从临时仲裁在中国的发展前景来看,短期内其并不能取代或超越机构仲裁,且有待司法机关进一步明确对临时仲裁的审查范围。

Generally speakingChinese arbitration legislation and practices denied the validity to operate adhoc arbitration in China for a long period. In 2016Chinese Supreme People爷s Court issued an Opinionon arbitration in Pilot Free Trade Zoneproviding the basis for legitimacy of ad hoc arbitration. In 2017Zhuhai Arbitration Commission drafted The Ad Hoc Arbitration Rules for Hengqin Pilot Free Trade Zonein which rules are scientific and articles are reasonable.The drafting not only makes party autonomy andarbitral tribunal爷s discretion prominent, but also has some innovative procedural details. From the futureperspective, ad hoc arbitration may not replace or bypass institutional arbitration in China in short timeandthe scope of judicial review on ad hoc arbitration needs to be clarified by judicial authorities.