不同田间管理措施对棕壤土持水能力的影响

Effects of Different Field Management Measures on Water Holding Capacity of Brown Soil

为筛选出提高土壤持水能力的田间管理措施,通过大田试验研究了小麦-玉米轮作条件下,深耕、秸秆覆盖、增施有机肥、保水剂、沸石措施对棕壤土容重、水分库容、氮素含量等理化性质和作物产量的影响。结果表明:与推荐施肥处理相比,增施有机肥、深耕、秸秆覆盖、施沸石、保水剂均降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度,可不同程度提高土壤有效水库容,进而增加作物产量;土壤容重降幅在0.72%~9.21%,土壤孔隙度增幅在0.30%~14.25%,土壤有效水库容增幅在0.05%~10.91%,作物产量增幅在0.07%~10.68%。综合各项指标,能够增加土壤持水能力且能保证作物产量的田间措施是增施有机肥和沸石,其中有效水库容增幅最大的是增施沸石处理,增产效果最好的是增施有机肥处理。

In order to screen out the field management measures to improve the soil water holding capacity,the effects of deep tillage,straw mulching,increasing application of organic fertilizer,water retention agent and zeolite on bulk density,water storage capacity,nitrogen content and other physical or chemical properties of brown soil and the crop yield were studied under the wheat-maize rotation condition in field. The results showed that compared with the recommended fertilization treatment,the treatments of increasing application of organic fertilizer,deep tillage,straw mulching,zeolite and water retention agent all could decrease the soil bulk density,increase the soil porosity,and improve the soil available water storage capacity and crop yield in different extent. The soil bulk density declined by 0. 72% - 9. 21%,the soil porosity increased by0. 30% - 14. 25%,the soil available water storage capacity increased by 0. 05% - 10. 91%,and the crop yield increased by 0. 07% - 10. 68%. Comprehensively considering all the indexes,the field managementmeasures,which could increase the soil water holding capacity and ensure the crop yield at the same time,were the treatments of increasing application of organic fertilizer and zeolite. The zeolite treatment had the largest increase of soil available water storage capacity. The increasing application of organic fertilizer treatment had the best effect on the crop yield improving.