人际对待中的理性与情感——合理对待无理性能力者的原则探究

On the Reason and Emotion in Interpersonal Treatment——A Thinking about the Moral Principles of Treating Non-rational People Reasonably

正常的人际对待,常常是以对待者与被对待者双方的理性本质存在为基础,他们的对待是对等的、相互的。而理性者对于诸如智障、植物人之类的无理性能力者的对待,却因被对待者失去理性能力而变得不对等,但这种不对等并没有使被对待者失去被合理对待的"权利",原因就在于人们不是根据理性原则而是根据情感原则——具体来讲是爱的原则——来对待无理性能力者,爱的原则时常无视被对待者的具体条件规定而对其合理对待,它因而具有对待对象的更加广泛的适用性。

Normal interpersonal treatment is usually based on the rational essence-existence of moral agents and moral patients or objects,which manifests as quits and reciprocal.However,rational moral agents＇ treatment to non-rational moral patients such as amentia,coma（the man in a vegetative state）would become nonreciprocal because moral patients have lost their rational capability.But moral patients do not lose their right to be treated reasonably,and the reason is that moral agent treats those non-rational people by the emotional principle,in particular,by the principle of love rather than by the rational principle.Once moral agents act by the principle of love,they usually ignore the specific condition and stipulation of non-rational people and can treat them reasonably,thus the principle of love has more widespread applicability of treating moral object.