马克思跨越设想与恩格斯跨越设想的比较

A Comparative Study Between Marx's Leaping Thought and Engels' Leaping Thought

19世纪的俄国既面临着资本主义渐进发展又面临着农村公社日益解体的历史境况,这种时代境况给马克思、恩格斯两人提出了一个历史性的跨越问题并促使他们提出了各自的跨越设想。文本研究显示:马克思的跨越问题是,在西方无产阶级革命胜利之前,俄国能否跨越资本主义的问题;恩格斯的跨越问题是,在西方无产阶级革命胜利之后,俄国能否跨越资本主义的问题。与此对应:马克思的跨越设想与恩格斯的跨越设想均主张俄国的跨越革命是要确立公有制社会;但前者主张俄国应在西方无产阶级革命胜利之前实行跨越革命,而后者则主张俄国应在西方无产阶级革命胜利之后实行跨越革命。就当代中国而言,这种比较研究仍具有鲜明的理论意义与现实意义。

In the 19th century, Russia faces a special historical condition of the development of capitalism and the disintegration of rural community. That leads Marx and Engels to ask a historical leaping question and give their respective thoughts. The study of their works shows that Mark asks himself if Russia can leap over the capitalism before the victory of Western proletarian revolution, while Engels asks himself if Russia can leap over the capitalism after the victory of Western proletarian revolution. Accordingly, Marx thinks that Russia can practice the leaping revolution before the victory of Western proletarian revolution, while Engels thinks that Russia should practice the revolution after the victory of Western proletarian revolution. The comparative study of their thoughts has both theoretical and practical meanings to contemporary China.