中国生态农业面临的挑战与突破路径研究

On the Challenges and Breakthrough Pathways Facing the Ecological Agriculture in China

生态破坏、环境污染与经济危机等一系列问题催生了对农业发展方式的反思,农业生态化成为当代农业发展的方向。通常认为,生态农业可以在降低投入的基础上提高收益,但事实并非如此,生态农业在资金、技术、人力等基本要素上提出了比"石油农业"更高的要求。虽然生态农业处于中国农业整体发展战略的重要位置,但仍然面临如何提高生产率、维护农业生产条件、保障食品安全等一系列问题,且与社会经济发展的其他问题交织在一起。当前,中国生态农业的发展应当汲取传统农业中的生态思想资源,协调各种生态农业类型之间的关系,创新政府介入的力度与方式,强化国内外农业技术的交流合作,从而更好地实现农业的生态和可持续发展。

The problems such as the ecological destruction,the environmental pollution,and the economic crisis lead to the reflection on the agricultural development ways.The ecologicalization of the agriculture has become the direction of the development of the contemporary agriculture.It is generally believed that the ecological agriculture can increase the earnings on the basis of the reduced investment,but the fact is not the case.The ecological agriculture makes higher requirements than the＂petroleum agriculture＂on the basic elements such as the capital,the technology,and the manpower.Although the ecological agriculture is in an important position in China’s overall agricultural development strategies,it is still faced with a series of problems such as the improvement of the productivity,the maintenance of the agricultural production conditions,and the guarantee of the food safety.And the development of the ecological agriculture is also intertwined with other issues of the social and economic development.At present,the development of the ecological agriculture in China should learn from the ecological thought resources of the traditional agriculture,coordinate the relationship between various types of ecological agriculture,innovate the intensity and the ways of the government intervention,and strengthen the exchange and the cooperation in the agricultural technology at home and abroad,and so as to realize the ecological and sustainable development of the agriculture in a better way.