关系专用性资产、剩余控制权配置和效率提升——以江西绿能模式为例

Relationship-Specific Assets,Residual Control Rights Allocation and Efficiency Promotion: A Case Study of Lvneng Mode of Jiangxi Province

基于不完全合同理论的分析框架,通过解析农户的合约选择和控制权配置等问题,阐述新型农业经营主体经营的效率提升。假定存在耕地产权约束和信货约束,新型农业经营主体(包括专业大户、家庭农场、专业合作社、涉农企业和农业社会化服务组织等)拥有关系专用性资产,而传统农户拥有土地、劳动力等生产要素的自然禀赋,双方之间具有高度协作或互补性,因此,双方签订合同能使彼此获得有利己方的合作福利,促进生产经营效率提升。双方的关系专用性资产、土地、劳动力等生产要素在合作生产经营中的边际贡献和讨价还价能力直接影响各自的剩余控制权,从而决定了双方签订合同的类型,不同的合约形式体现双方不同的控制权配置。基于行动前不可缔约而事后可缔约的事前效率问题不完全合同理论模型,以返乡农民凌继河牵头组建的江西绿能公司为例进行合同缔约机制解析,来验证促进新型农业经营主体经营效率提升的存在。

Based on the analysis framework of incomplete contract theory,this article elaborates the efficiency promotion in the operation of the new agricultural business entities by explaining farmers＇ contract selection and allocation of control rights. Assuming the existence of farmland property right constraint and credit constraint,the new agricultural business entities（ including professional large-scale farmers,family farms,professional cooperatives,agricultural enterprises and agricultural social service organizations） have the relationship-specific assets while the traditional farmers have production factors of natural endowments,such as land and labor.Because of the high collaborations or complementarities between them,they are able to sign the contracts so as to make each other get self-interested cooperation welfare and promote production efficiency.The marginal contribution and bargaining power of the two sides＇ relationship-specific assets,land,labor and other production factors directly affect their residual control rights,which determine the type of contract signed by themselves in the cooperative production and management.Different contract forms reflect different control right allocation.Based on incomplete contract theory model of the ex ante efficiency of no-contracting before action and well-contracting after action,taking the green energy company formed and led by returning-home farmer Jihe Ling of Jiangxi Province as an example of explaining contract mechanism,this article verifies the existence of efficiency promotion in strengthening new agricultural business entities.