何谓“农业女性化”:讨论与反思

What is Feminization of Agriculture: Discussion and Reflection

文献回顾看到,农业劳动力性别结构变动趋势以及农村妇女生产角色演绎情况是目前学界考察农业女性化的两个方面,核心在于农村妇女是否掌握农业生产的决策权、主导权和管理权。通过分析全国人口普查中农业各部门劳动力性别结构变动态势,以及安徽省农村妇女农业生产参与情况,明确农业女性化主要是指种植业部门劳动力的女性化,也看到"生产参与、决策边缘、技术无缘"是当前农村妇女参与农业的主要特征,农业依然是"男人的农业"。女性农业劳动力的数量与价值存在背离,需要在数据和实践中重新审视农业女性化这一议题。农业女性化只是农业劳动力结构性问题的缩影,未来需要对"谁来种地"和"怎么种地"两个问题保持警惕。

Literature review shows that the trend of gender structure of agricultural labor force and the representation of rural women＇s production roles are two aspects of the study of the feminization of agriculture.The core lies in whether rural women have the decision-making power,the dominance and the management right in agricultural production.By analyzing the changes in gender structure of labor in the agricultural population in the National Population Census,and the agricultural production participation of the rural women in Anhui Province,some conclusions were obtained.Firstly,it is clear that feminization of agriculture mainly refers to the feminization of the labor force in the farming sector.Secondly,it shows that being ＂involved in production,marginalized in decision-making,and excluded from technology＂are the major features currently found among rural women who are participating in agricultural production. Thirdly,even if men are absent,agriculture remains＂men＇s agriculture＂as men dominate agricultural production and master the core technology.In general,the value of female agricultural labor force is not equivalent to its quantity,and agricultural feminization is an issue worth reexamination in data and practice.The feminization of agriculture being only a microcosm of the structural problems of the agricultural labor force,we need to be vigilant about ＂who to farm＂and ＂how to farm＂in the future.