“原始孔子”与“史家孔子”形象的高度重合——《论语》、《左传》中的孔子形象比照考论

“Original Confucius” Overlapped with the “Historical Confucius”——The Image of Confucius in The Analects Compared with Tso Chuan

《论语》是先秦典籍构建孔子形象的原始文本,《论语》中的孔子亦即"原始孔子",而其他大多数先秦文本所构建的孔子形象均是被改造、重构甚至被颠覆了的。作为哲学论著的《论语》所呈现的孔子形象是作为儒家精神化身和载体的孔子,是为"哲学的孔子";作为史著的《左传》所展现的孔子形象是为"史家的孔子",《左传》所载的孔子言行往往与《论语》可以相互印证。二者不仅在议论的方式上都守儒家"议而不辩"的家法,而且所呈现的孔子形象也高度重合,都是遵守儒家礼义的儒家大德的形象。

The Analects of Confucius is the original text of building Confucius images in the pre-Qin Classics. Confucius is＂original Confucius＂in The Analects,and the image of Confucius was renovated,reconstructed and even overturned in most of the other pre-Qin texts. The Confucius image was presented in the Analects of Confucius as a philosopher,representing the embodiment and carrier of Confucianism, and the＂ Confucius of philosophy＂. As the history of Tso Chuan, the Confucius image is the＂Confucius of historians＂,and the Confucius＇ words and deeds contained in Tso Chuan are often verified with The Analects of Confucius. Both of them are not only in the mode of＂ discussing without arguing＂, but also the image of Confucius is highly coincident. The images of Confucius are all great respectable men in The Analects of Confucius and Tso Chuan, obeying the Confucian morality.