黄土高原半干旱区春小麦、胡麻物候变化特征分析

Change of Typical Phenological Phases of Spring Wheat and Oil Flax in Semi-arid Region in Northwest China

为揭示西北黄土高原典型农作物物候期对气候变化的响应规律,利用西北黄土高原半干旱区春小麦1987—2016年与胡麻1988—2004年物候观测资料,结合同期气象资料,通过相关分析等方法分析春小麦、胡麻典型物候期的变化特征及典型生育期间隔日数与气象要素的关系。结果表明:分析期内,春小麦、胡麻出苗期的变化幅度最大,最早和最晚出现日期分别相差36 d和30 d;春小麦播种—出苗、抽穗—开花期间隔日数显著缩短(P<0.05),开花—乳熟期的间隔日数显著延长(P<0.05),胡麻各物候期间隔日数变化不明显(P>0.05);春小麦、胡麻各物候期间隔日数与日照的相关性最好(P<0.01)(除春小麦开花—乳熟期显著相关及胡麻现蕾—开花期相关性不明显);分析期内,春小麦、胡麻全生育期持续时间线性变化趋势不明显。

To reveal the response of phenological phases of typical crops to climate change in the Loess Plateau in Northwest China,the variation characteristics of typical phenological phases of spring wheat and oil flax in study area were analyzed firstly according to the phenological data of spring wheat from 1987 to 2016 and oil flax from 1988 to 2004,as well as the corresponding meteorological data by using correlation analysis method,then the relationship between interval days of typical growing periods of two crops and meteorological factors was analyzed too. The results show that the seeding stage of spring wheat and oil flax exhibited a widest variation range,and the time gaps between the earliest and the latest emergence date were 36 days and 30 days,respectively. The interval of spring wheat from sowing to sprouting stage and from heading to flowering stage significantly shortened（ P〈 0. 05）,while the interval from flowering to maturing stage obviously extended（ P〈 0. 05）,on the other hand,the interval of each phonological phase of oil flax had a little change（P〉 0. 05）. The interval days of each phenological phase of spring wheat and oil flax were correlated with sunshine hours most greatly（P〈 0. 01）,except the significant correlation of flowering to maturing stage of spring wheat and the non-significant correlation of budding to flowering period of oil flax. During the analysis period,the duration of the whole growth period of spring wheat and oil flax presented no obvious variation trend and failed to reach the significant or extremely significant level.