教育扩张下流动人口教育收益率与收入差距

Rates of Return to Education and Income Gap of Floating Population under the Education Expansion

文章基于2012-2014年云南省流动人口动态监测调查数据,就各年份不同收入群体的教育收益率展开分析,据以探讨教育扩张对收入差距的影响。研究发现,教育收益率在不同样本中的估计结果均显著为正。进一步通过分位数回归对3年教育收益率变化趋势进行比较后发现,随着收入水平条件分位数的提高,教育收益率呈现由单调递增向正"U型"趋势变化。这一趋势意味着尽管教育扩张能够实现收入水平的提升,但并不能有效改善收入差距,主要表现为在缩小中、低等收入群体差距的同时,将逐渐拉大中、高等收入群体的差距,最终形成以"均值高、方差大"为特征的"二元分布"格局。文章的启示在于应注重速度和规模的外延式扩张向注重质量和差别对待的内涵式扩张转变。

Based on the dynamic monitoring data of Yunnan province from 2012 to 2014, this paper analyzes the rates of return to education focusing on the floating population, thus to observe whether the educational expansion has impact on people＇s income.. We found that the rates of return to education have positive impact on all kinds of samples. Furthermore, after the comparison of the variation tendency of the 3 years＇ rate of return to education through Quantile Regression, the results show that, with the increasing of conditional quantile of income level,the tendency of the rate of return to education changes from monotonic increasing to the＂U＂curve. This means that education can realize the expansion of income level, but cannot effectively shorten the income gap, which mainly features in to narrow the gap between middle and low income groups, while gradually enlarge the gap between middle and high income groups. The final result will form a pattern of bivariate distribution which is characterized by ＂high average and large variance＂. This paper＇s revelation is that we should pay more attention to connotative expansion including quality and discriminatory relative to denotative expansion including speed and scale.