我国高中阶段教育普及与投入保障探析

Research on the Popularization, Free Charge, Issues and Guarantee System of Investment of Secondary Education in China

我国高中阶段教育(含普通高中及中等职业学校)在教育中的基础性、正外部性越来越强,在提高人口素质、解决用工荒、提升"中国制造"品质、缩小收入差距、维护社会稳定与精准扶贫等方面具有重要意义,随着我国财政支出能力水平的逐步提升,普及高中阶段教育也成为可能。党中央国务院先后在多项政策文件中提出"在发达地区要率先普及高中教育"、"基本普及高中教育",到"普及高中教育",再到"普及攻坚计划"。不少地方已经在其发展规划中提出了普及高中教育的时间表与路径,各地也在普及进程中的免费方面也做了不少努力,尤其是对中等职业教育的免费与资助方面取得了显著成效。如何正确理解普及与免费的关系、内容及其实现路径,是推进高中普及亟待解决的认识问题。当前在普及中存在投入不足、分配不均、主体单一、成本分担不合理、中西部及农村、民族地区缺口大等诸多问题,如何在推进高中教育普及、逐步免费进程中更好地建立起投入保障机制,是高中教育普及的重大理论与现实问题。

Secondary education（including general high schools and secondary vocational schools） plays a more basically role and stronger positive effect in the development of education in China. It may play an important role in improving the quality of human resources,offering tremendous technical talents for the higher quality of＂Made in China＂, reducing income gap and maintaining a stable society. With the increasing stronger fiscal capability, it＇s possible to afford the popularization of secondary education as well. The Party Central Committee and the State Council have put forward policies from developed areas should lead in popularizing senior secondary education to making senior secondary education basically universal in the country, then to making senior secondary education universally available in multiple documents and files successively, and now to the crucial file The Guideline for Popularizing High School Education. Many regions had put this goal in their development plan and raised a claim for its timetable and route. And many regions had also done much work on the free of charging in the progress of popularization, especially much obvious effectiveness had achieved for the free of charging and funding for secondary vocational schools. It＇s presently urgent to understand the relationship, content and realized route between popularizing and charging free. While in the progress of popularizing secondary education, there still exist lots of difficulties, such as the ratio between general high schools and secondary vocational schools is far from the goal demanded by the issued policies, the insufficient input, unequal distribution, subject single, irrational share for the cost, large insufficient input for the rural and minority areas and the middle and west regions. It＇s an important theoretical and practical issue to set up an investment guarantee system for better popularizing secondary education and free charging to it.